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The trullo is a conical dry stone construction typical of Puglia, especially in the Alberobello area, where it has been recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. These structures, dating back to the end of the 17th century, were initially used as shelters for farmers and shepherds. Their shape derives from the ancient model of the thòlos, present in various Mediterranean cultures.
Despite the presence of prehistoric finds in the region, the oldest known trulli are relatively recent. Their construction spread thanks to the fragmentation of feudal lands, leading to the need to build shelters in the countryside. The farmers, under the supervision of the feudal lords, built the trulli with local stones, avoiding the use of mortar to evade inspections.
The structure of the trullo is characterized by a modular architecture, with a circular design and thick walls that ensure excellent thermal regulation. The domed roof is made of concentrically arranged stone slabs, providing stability and insulation.
The Murgia dei Trulli, which includes several municipalities in Puglia, is famous for its unique architecture. Local names for trulli vary depending on the area, with terms such as “casedda” and “truddu”. Trulli construction has also influenced modern architecture, inspiring modular models.
In addition to Alberobello, other places in Puglia have similar structures, but with architectural variations. The province of Taranto, for example, is known for its trulli called “tròdduri” and “pajare”, which differ in shape and materials used.
The trullo represents a significant cultural and architectural heritage of Puglia, the result of a construction tradition that has evolved over time, adapting to local needs and available resources.
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